The term "joint forces" includes which of the following commands?

The term "joint forces" refers to military operations and activities that involve multiple branches of the armed services working together. This integration is often necessary to achieve effective and cohesive operational objectives in a combined joint environment.

When considering the components involved, "joint forces" includes Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and even Coast Guard and other elements from various branches depending on the context of the operation. The essence of joint forces lies in their collaboration across all military branches, encompassing both operational and functional commands that work together to accomplish strategic missions effectively.

Thus, the correct answer encompasses the entire scope of military collaboration, recognizing that joint forces can include commands from all service branches and functional areas. This comprehensive view ensures that all contributions from the various military services are acknowledged and integrated into planning and execution for a unified command structure.