What challenge does air defense currently face in the modern environment?

The correct selection highlights the challenges air defense systems face in a rapidly evolving and complex operational environment. Modern air defense must contend with significantly less reaction time due to the speed of incoming threats, such as hypersonic missiles or advanced aircraft. The difficulty in predicting when and where attacks will occur adds an additional layer of complexity, making it harder for defense systems to prepare and respond effectively.

Furthermore, today's air defense operations are heavily reliant on data collection and communications to identify, track, and engage threats accurately. As adversaries develop more sophisticated tactics, the demand for timely and reliable information intensifies, putting extra stress on existing systems and personnel. This convergence of factors ultimately challenges the effectiveness of air defense measures to safeguard assets and ensure mission success.